Artificial Intelligence (AI) Policy

Use of AI by Authors

Authors who use generative artificial intelligence (AI) tools, large language models (LLMs), or other automated systems in the preparation of their manuscripts must transparently disclose such use in the manuscript. This disclosure should specify:

  • Which AI tools were used (e.g., ChatGPT, Claude, Gemini, etc.)
  • How they were used (e.g., literature review assistance, language editing, data analysis, idea generation)
  • Which sections of the manuscript were assisted by AI

Important restrictions:

  • AI tools may not be listed as authors, as authorship requires accountability and responsibility that only humans can provide
  • AI-generated text may not be cited as a source of information
  • Authors remain fully responsible for the accuracy, originality, integrity, and ethical compliance of their work, regardless of AI assistance
  • AI-generated content must be carefully fact-checked and verified by authors

Use of AI by Editors and Reviewers

Editors and reviewers are prohibited from using generative AI tools to create substantive peer review reports or editorial decisions due to serious risks to:

  • Confidentiality of unpublished manuscripts
  • Introduction of bias or inaccuracies
  • Integrity of the peer review process

Limited use of AI-assisted tools for language editing, grammar checking, or formatting assistance is permitted, provided:

  • No manuscript content is uploaded to third-party AI systems
  • Such use is appropriately disclosed to the editorial team
  • Human judgment remains the primary basis for all decisions

Plagiarism and AI-Generated Content

Submitting AI-generated text without proper disclosure or attribution may be considered a form of plagiarism or research misconduct. All manuscripts are subject to plagiarism screening, which may include AI-detection tools.

Journal's Use of AI Tools

The journal may use AI-assisted tools for administrative purposes such as plagiarism detection, language quality assessment, or metadata processing. All automated tools used by the journal are subject to human oversight and final decision-making authority.

Last updated: 1 February 2026