TARBIYAH: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan dan Pengajaran

This article analyzes the foundation of a curriculum based on developmental psychology and learning psychology and their respective implications. The method used in this article is literature review or library research. Where researchers collect data from various library sources, such as books, journals, scientific articles, research reports such as theses and dissertations, as well as other sources relevant to the research topic. Student have unique competencies in each phase of development psychology so that educators and curriculum developers can provide treatment that is appropriate to the developmental stage. Because psychology has implications for content and implementation, as well as learning evaluation. Meanwhile, Learning Psychology, which includes Behavioristics, Cognitive Psychology, Constructivism, Phenomenology and Humanism, has implications for determining learning methods by considering the characteristics of students, both in terms of motivation, interests, talents and learning styles that they have. So this article concludes that teachers' literacy willingness to explore the foundations of developmental psychology and learning psychology influences their ability to design and develop in-depth curriculum and meaningful learning.

Qualitative research is an approach to understanding human phenomena, culture, and social processes based on the perspective of the subjects studied, so that it can provide deeper meaning to the problems that occur. The design, type, and methods applied are adjusted to the objectives and characteristics of the problem, including ethnography, case studies, document studies, natural observations, phenomenology, grounded theory, historical studies, and biographies, with data collection through interviews, observations, and documentation. Data analysis focuses more on interpretive and inductive processes, so that it is able to explore the relationships and meanings behind the data, and is useful for more mature decision making and policy formulation.

This writing discusses the importance of self-awareness in applying the culture of smiling, greeting, saluting, being polite, and being courteous in various contexts, whether in the workplace, education, or everyday life. The method used in this article is a literature study with a qualitative approach. Self-awareness in individuals is the ability to recognize, understand, and control their own emotions and behaviors in social interactions. By enhancing self-awareness, individuals are able to apply the principles of the culture of smiling, greeting, saluting, being polite, and being courteous, which in turn improves communication, strengthens interpersonal relationships, and creates a more positive atmosphere. When almost all educational and learning implementation units carry out their vision and mission, several phenomena are found in the field indicating that the next generation or students lack character. The learning experiences in schools that are clearly designed to develop cognitive, affective, and psychomotor aspects are felt to be less 'touching' for the students. This is related to attitude learning and, more specifically, starts from something simple yet difficult to implement, which is having good awareness. The attitude learning referred to is a learning experience related to the field of attitudes, which includes self-awareness training, multicultural understanding, and mastery of life skills.

The Merdeka Curriculum is a new curriculum introduced by the Ministry of Education and Culture to improve the quality of education in Indonesia. This curriculum provides freedom for educational units and teachers to develop students' potential according to their interests and talents, and the material taught is also essential material. The Merdeka Curriculum will begin to be implemented in the 2023/2024 academic year for new students at the SMA/SMK level. To support the implementation of the Independent Curriculum, the Ministry of Education and Culture has compiled and published teacher guidebooks and student books for all subjects. These books can be downloaded for free via the internet. The review of books by Independent Curriculum teachers and students aims to examine the content, structure and quality of these books from various aspects, such as conformity with competency standards, relevance to students' needs, readability, understandability and the relationship between concepts. This study also provides suggestions and recommendations for improving these books to make them more effective and efficient in the learning process. It is hoped that this study can provide input for the Ministry of Education and Culture, education units, teachers and students in implementing the Independent Curriculum.

This study explores the challenges faced by students of STAI UISU Pematangsiantar in accessing Islamic digital literature for academic writing. Using a qualitative approach through interviews, observations, and document analysis, the research identifies four main categories of obstacles: accessibility, digital literacy, availability of literature, and motivation and perception. Accessibility barriers include poor internet connectivity, limited devices, and high data costs. Students’ digital literacy remains low, particularly in searching for credible sources, utilizing academic databases, and applying reference management tools. Regarding availability, relevant Islamic digital literature is still limited, while the campus repository is not yet accessible online. Although students show relatively high motivation, pragmatic perceptions and the lack of institutional support often lead them to rely on open sources with questionable credibility. The findings highlight that the students’ challenges are multidimensional, encompassing technical, financial, linguistic, and structural aspects. This study is expected to provide a foundation for strengthening Islamic digital literacy policies and facilities at STAI UISU Pematangsiantar.

Prayer occupies a central and indispensable role in Islam, particularly within the doctrinal framework of Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jama‘ah. It is considered an essential aspect of religious life that cannot be neglected. This is emphasized in the Qur’an, which affirms that the prophets consistently engaged in supplication to Allah, among them, Prophet Ibrahim is a prominent example. The Qur’an records numerous prayers, many of which are attributed to Prophet Ibrahim. His supplications encompass a broad range of intentions, including prayers for the well-being of the land, for himself, his descendants, his parents, and for the community of believers. Notably, the Qur’an records that a significant portion of his prayers were directed toward the welfare and guidance of his progeny. This indicates that supplication in Islam is not solely a personal act, but also a means of seeking divine mercy and blessings for others who share the faith.